Can you compile PHP to a native binary?

Yes. elephc compiles a supported static subset of PHP directly to native assembly. It produces standalone executables for macOS ARM64, Linux ARM64, and Linux x86_64, plus native libraries for those hosts and iOS ARM64 targets. The compiled path uses no interpreter, VM, Zend Engine, or opcode fallback.

How is elephc different from PHP packagers or other PHP AOT systems?

elephc is not a PHP packager and does not bundle Zend/PHP. It is a from-scratch compiler: parse, type-check, lower to native assembly, assemble, link, and include a small runtime in the output. If elephc compiles it, it runs as native code.

Can elephc work with PHP frameworks?

Not a drop-in replacement for an entire dynamic framework today, but a path to accelerate static modules inside existing PHP applications. Keep frameworks such as WordPress, Laravel, or Symfony on PHP, then compile static and performance-sensitive modules into standalone executables or native libraries. A PHP extension bridge remains on the roadmap.

How does the elephc PHP compiler work?

elephc uses a twelve-stage compilation pipeline covering source classification, lexing, parsing, resolution, type checking, AST optimization, declaration reachability, EIR lowering and optimization, register allocation, target code generation, and linking. It targets macOS ARM64, Linux ARM64, Linux x86_64, and iOS ARM64 libraries.

What PHP features does elephc support?

elephc supports 24 user-facing types, modern PHP control flow and object features, functions and closures, native extensions, and 1,068 compiled built-in functions across strings, arrays, math, I/O, databases, images, iconv, curl, mbstring, XML, and other categories.

Is elephc free and open source?

Yes, elephc is free and open-source software released under the MIT License. The source code is available on GitHub at github.com/illegalstudio/elephc.

debug_backtrace() - internals

`debug_backtrace()` - internals

Where it lives

Signature: src/builtins/system/debug_backtrace.rs
Lowering: src/builtins/semantics.rs:704 (lower_registry_call)
Function symbol: lower_registry_call()

Lowering notes

Uses the eir_primitive strategy from the single-source builtin descriptor.
Emits backend-neutral EIR primitives or a small EIR graph through BuiltinLoweringContext.

Semantic descriptor

Target strategy: eir_primitive
Validation: checker_hook
Result type source: checked
Result ownership: fresh
Effects: static (7 declared effects)
Requirements: static (0 requirements)
Callable policy: dynamic
Target support: macos-aarch64, ios-arm64, ios-sim-arm64, linux-aarch64, linux-x86_64

EIR and runtime boundary

Typed EIR target: descriptor-emitted EIR primitives or graph; no opaque builtin call remains.

Signature summary

function debug_backtrace(int $options = 1, int $limit = 0): array

What the type checker enforces

Arity: takes 0–2 arguments (2 optional).

Eval interpreter (magician)

Declaration: crates/elephc-magician/src/interpreter/builtins/core/debug_backtrace.rs (eval_builtin!)
Execution: Magician interpreter adapter.
Adapter reason: callable-or-reflection.
Dispatch hooks: direct, values

Cross-references

User reference for debug_backtrace()